Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Odor Occurrence in South Korea - Focused on Chungcheongnam-do Area
Su-Jin Hwang *
Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Hongseong, South Korea.
Chang-Gyun Lee
Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Hongseong, South Korea.
Byong-Ro Ryu
Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Industry, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study was performed to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of odor occurrence, how to set priorities of institutional support for customized odor management measures suitable for each region's situation, and manage effective odor reduction focusing on the complex odor test for 1,476 odor samples that filed a complaint in 15 cities and counties of Chungcheongnam-do area in South Korea, for 5 years from 2016 to 2020. In particular, the cause of odor focusing on the odor complaints by livestock farms and large businesses place was identified, and spatiotemporal characteristics were investigated. civil complaints caused by odor occurrence are increasing year by year, and over the past five years, 424 cases at the outlet of facilities and 1,052 cases at the borderline were much more frequent. Also, the nonconformity rate exceeding the emission acceptance criteria increased by 3.7 % at the outlet and 13.2 % at the borderline. In addition, the occurrence of odors has been steadily increasing every year since 2016, and the nonconformity rate exceeding the criteria at the borderline is high. The monthly odor occurrence is 184 cases in July, the highest in summer and 56 cases in January, which is relatively low in winter. The number of odor occurrences showed a correlation with temperature (R2=0.7104) and humidity (R2=0.7879). In addition, the highest number of complaints occurred when the average humidity 70 ~ 80 %, the average temperature 20 ~ 25℃, and the average wind speed were 1 ~ 1.5 m/s. Looking at the characteristics of odor occurrence by facility, of 1,476 cases that have been filed in Chungcheongnam-do area, odor complaints by livestock farms accounted for 48.4 %, 715 of 1,476. Also, out of 715 cases, 502 cases were pig breeding facilities and 125 cases were poultry places. The nonconformity rate exceeding the emission acceptance criteria was showed as 32.8 % for poultry place and 19.9% for pig breeding facility. A relationship between the number of breeding livestock and the occurrence of odor complaints was found R2=0.714. Accordingly, it is considered that it is necessary to study on the separation distance of odor component and the appropriateness of the number of breeding livestock by identifying the odor component of type of livestock and the number of breeding livestock for the administrative and institutional measures. With using geocoding program to visualize the source of odors and use a system that shows the density of the facility by city and county, it is judged that it will be able to monitor odors, respond quickly to odors, predict their spread, and manage the sources efficiently. The discomfort caused by odor are mostly occurring in surrounding of livestock facility are concentrated. In order to solve the fundamental odor problem, it is urgent to improve technology and related systems for reducing odors generated in livestock facilities, and provide administrative and financial support. Applying big data analysis technology using visualization programs such as geocoding is considered to be useful for systematic odor management policies by scientifically investigating and managing occurrence.
Keywords: Odor, odor complaints, livestock facility, geocoding, odor improvement management
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References
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