Vegetation Change Detection in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques from 2000 to 2020
P. O. Phil-Eze
Department Of Geography, University Of Nigeria, University Road, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria and Department of Geography, Nigerian Defense Academy, Zaria Kaduna, Nigeria.
Wali Elekwachi *
Department Of Geography, University Of Nigeria, University Road, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
L. C. Bosco-Abiahu
Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria.
H. Wizor Collins
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port-Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
Abdullahi Muktar
Department of Geography, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
O. Afolabi Omobolaji
Institute of Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Port-Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
Ihunda C. Eze
Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Generally, vegetation change through the conversion of the world’s forest land to other uses has assumed an increasing scale due to the unprecedented growth of the human population which increases the demand for food and land. Some believed that decrease in vegetation in the area is attributed to oil exploration and exploitation activities only. This study aimed to find out the nature of the vegetation change in the region from 2000 to 2020. The data used was remotely sensed images as Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) observed by Terra-MODIS, downloaded via United States Geological Survey (USGS). The Simple Image Differencing was performed on two images (February 18, 2000 and February 18, 2020) using IDRISI software. The result shows that all the states in the Niger Delta region experience both positive and negative change in vegetation cover. The positive change was observed around locations where agricultural plantations exists and within urban areas followed by oil and gas exploration and exploitation that damage the natural forest cover, while negative change was observed around farms where intensive rainy season farming takes place. It was recommended that deforested areas in the region should be reclaimed by planting economic trees as plantation to enhance greenness and maintain balance of the ecosystem. If intensive farming is necessary, it should be practiced sustainably to save the environment.
Keywords: Vegetation, change detection, remote sensing, GIS.