Neural Oxidant-stress by Azadirachtin Induces Anti-oxidative Enzymes Evincing Biomarker Potential in Paddy Pest, Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum (Orthoptera:Acridoidea)
Balaram Manna
Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India and Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India.
Smarajit Maiti *
Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India.
Amlan Das
Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Azadirachtin (C35H44O16/AZT) develops antifeedancy/growth-regulation/fecundity-suppression/ sterilization/oviposition/repellence and deformity in insect via biochemical/cellular changes and causes their death. Agricultural productivity/quality/eco-sustainability is concerned to this issue. ROS are cytotoxic-factors generated in invertebrates in stress-conditions. The present in-vivo/in-vitro study aimed to investigate the impact of dose dependant AZT toxicity on oxidative-stress-marker (alkaline-phosphatise/ALP; thiobarbituric-acid-reactive-substances/TBARS; non-protein-soluble-thiols/NPSH; acetyl-cholinesterase/AChE) and antioxidant-enzyme activity (superoxide-dismutase/SOD; catalase/CAT; glutathione-peroxidise/GPx; amylase) in brain/hemolymph of Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum (Walker,1871) (Orthoptera:Acridoidea). Acridids are highly abundant and bio-indicator of grassland-ecosystem. During cultivation, insects are exposed (dose/time dependant) to AZT. AZT developed restlessness, jerky-movements and swarming-movements in the insects. It promoted oxidative-stress-marker in brain/hemolymphin both sexes but female had significantly stimulated antioxidant-enzymes to overcome cellular-stress. Increase of brain TBARS, antioxidant-enzymes and decrease in NPSH by AZT indicates oxidative-stress induction in this species. In several instances damage to the brain DNA was noticed. In general female insect responded more intensely with some prominent adaptive strategies.
Keywords: Azadirachtin, Orthoptera, Acridoidea, brain, hemolymph, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant defence.